Bài soạn ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương

Nội dung text: Bài soạn ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương

1. Bài soạn ôn tập Tiếng Anh lớp 8 CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive sentences): Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động. VD: People speak English all over the world => English is spoken all over the world by people Ví dụ : I asked a question => A question was asked by me. S + V + 1 0 2 S + be + PII + 0 (by 0 ) ChuyÓn tõ C§ sang B§ thùc hiÖn c¸c b­íc sau: - X¸c ®Þnh thµnh phÇn c©u ( S,V,0) - ChuyÓn 01 c©u C§ thµnh S c©u B§ - X¸c ®Þnh th× qua V ®Ó chia tobe theo cÊu tróc (b¶ng bªn) - Vc©u C§chuyÓn thµnh PII c©u B§ - 02chuyÓn xuèng sau PII(lµm 0) - S c©u C§ chuyÓn thµnh 0 c©u B§ tr­íc cã by(cã thÓ bá by+0 nÕu kh«ng muèn nªu râ t¸c nh©n,(S là I, he, she, they, you, we, people): TT chỉ thời gian đặt sau by : C©u chñ ®éng BÞ ®éng 0 1. HiÖn t¹i ®¬n: S + V s/es + 0 S + am/ is/are + PII + 0 (by 0) 2 2. Qu¸ khø ®¬n: S + V / ed + 0 S + was/were + PII + 0 (by 0) 3. HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn: S +am/is/are+Ving+ 0 S + am/ is/are+ being+ PII+ 0(by 0) 4. Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn: S+was/were+Ving+ 0 S +was/were+being + PII + 0 (by 0) 5. HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh: S+have/has+ P II + 0 S +have/ has + been+ PII + 0 (by 0) 6. T­¬ng lai ®¬n: S + will/ shall + V + 0 S + will/ shall+ be + PII + 0 (by 0) 7. T­¬ng lai gÇn: S+ am/ is/are+going to+be+PII + 0(by 0) S + am/ is/ are + going to V + 0 8. H×nh th¸i: S S+ can/ must/may+be+PII+ 0(by 0) S + can/ must/ may/ .+ V + 0 haveto/ . 9.§éng tõ nguyªn mÉu:S + V1 + to + V + 0 S + V1+tobe + PII + 0 (by 0) c. CÁCH DÙNG : Câu bị động thường dùng trong các trường hợp sau: 1. Chúng ta không biết người gây ra hành động, hoặc không cần thiết phải nói. Trường hợp này không cần cụm từ với by. Ex. Her legs were broken in the accident yesterday. The house is swept every day. Ngôi nhà được quét mỗi ngày. The pen has been put into the box. Cây viết được đặt vào hộp. 2. Để nhấn mạnh người bị tác động bởi hành động. Nếu muốn đồng thời chỉ ra người gây ra hành động thì có thể thêm cụm từ by. Ex: This letter must be written by his sister. The house next door has been bought by Mr. Tung. 2. Câu bị động có thể dùng với các loại thì sau: TENSES (Các loại thì) PASSIVES STRUCTURE (Cấu trúc bị động) Present simple (I learn English.) is/ are/ am + p.p English is learned (by me). Present progressive She is reading the book. is/ are/ am + being + p.p The book is being read (by her). Past simple :The little boy broke the glass.) was/ were + p.p :The glass was broken by the little boy. Past progressive: was/ were + being + p.p The police were interrogating him. He was being interrogated by the police.
2. Present perfect: She has cooked the food.) have/ has been + p.p: The food has been cooked (by her). Past perfect: They had watched two films had been + p.p: Two films had been watched btfznm they before they went to bed last night) went to bed last night. Future simple: They will cover the road will be + p.p with a red carpet tomorrow.) The road will be covered with a red carpet tomorrow. will be being + p.p Future progressive: I will be holding the My wedding party will be being held in Ha Noi next wedding party in Ha Noi next month. month. Future perfect: We will have completed the will have been + p.p building before Christmas. The building will have been completed before Christmas. Be going to is/ are/ am + going to be + p.p We're going to celebrate a special party. A special party is going to be celebrated. Modal verbs can/ should/ must... + be + p.p They can rely on him to keep secret. He can be relied on to keep secret. Present infinitive: They need you to reply to be + p.p this question as soon as possible. They need this question (to) be replied as soon as possible. Perfect infinitive: He hopes to have finished to have been + P.P the topic by Sunday. He hopes the topic (to) have been finished by Sunday. Present participle/ Gerund being + p.p (He dislikes people criticizing his work. He dislikes his work being criticized. He hates being called He hates people calling him an idiot.) an idiot. Ex: They built the park in 2009 (câu chủ động) —► (câu bị động) The park was built (by them) in 2009. Dạng đặc biệt: Công thức: Chủ động: People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report.....+ that + clause. VD: 1: People say that he is a good doctor. 2: People say that he is very rich. Bị động: a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported...+ that + clause ( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O) VD: >1: It's said that he is a good doctor. 2 → It's said that he is very rich b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG hoặc TLĐ S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed... + to + Vinf VD: 1 . He is said to be a good doctor. 2 .→ He is said to be very rich. c/ Động từ trong clause để ở thời QKDG hoặc HTHT. S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2. VD: People think he stole my car. => It's thought that he stole my car. => He is thought to have stolen my car. People think he stole his mother’s money. ➤ It is thought that he stole his mother’s money. ➤ He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money. BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ" Have + sb + V => Have + st + P2
3. => I have my father repair my bike.=>> I have my bike repaired by my father. Get + sb + to V => Get + st + P2 => I get my father to wash my car >> I get my car washed by my father BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI SAU NÓ LÀ MỘT ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG VING Các động từ đó như : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid....etc => Chủ động: S + V + sb Ving => Bị động: S + V + sb/st + being + P2 VD: I like you wearing this dress. = >> I like this dress being worn by you. Bài tập: 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc 1 Toshico had her car (repair) by a mechanic. 2. Ellen got Marvin (type) her paper. 3. We got our house (paint) last week. 4. Dr Byrd is having the students (write ) a composition. 5. Mark got his transcripts (send) to the university. 6. Maria is having her hair (cut) tomorrow. 7. Will Mr. Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car? 2. Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động 1. My father waters this flower every morning. 2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night. 3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. 4. We should clean our teeth twice a day. 5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar. 6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city. 7. Tom will visit his parents next month. 8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning. 9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? 10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room. 11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War. 12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day. 13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema. 14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week. 15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? 3. Chuyển các câu có 2 tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động 1. They paid me a lot of money to do the job. 2. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books. 3. Someone will tell him that news. 4. They have sent enough money to those poor boys. 5. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote. 4. Chuyển các câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động 1. They think that he has died a natural death. 2. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number. 3. They say that John is the brightest student in class. 4. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack. 5. I knew that they had told him of the meeting. 6. They declared that she won the competition. 7. They rumored the man was still living.
4. 8. People think that Jack London’s life and writing’s represent the American love of adventure. 9. They reported that the troops were coming. 10. People believed that the earth stood still. 5. Chuyển các câu với động từ chỉ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động 1. I have heard her sing this song several times. 2. People saw him steal your car. 3 The teacher is watching the work. 4. He won’t let you do that silly thing again. 5. People don’t make the children work hard. 6. They made him work all day. 7. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag. 8. The terrorists made the hostages lie down. 9. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route. 10. She helps me to do all these difficult exercises. Người soạn Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương