Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 9

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 9

1. ÑEÀ CÖÔNG OÂN TAÄP TIEÁNG ANH 9 I. TENSES - CAÙC THÌ 1. SIMPLE PRESENT - Hieän taïi ñôn: +) S + V/V(s/es) -) S+ don’t/ doesn’t + V ?) Do/ Does + S + V ? Nhận dạng: Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every, nowadays. free..time Caùch duøng: dieãn ta û1 thoùi quen, 1 haønh ñoäng thöôøng xuyeân, 1 söï thaät, 1 chaân lyù. 2. SIMPLE PAST - Quaù khöù ñôn: +) S + Ved/V2 -) S+ didn’t+ V ?) Did + S + V ? Nhận dạng: Yesterday, ago, in 1982, this morning, at that moment, last + time Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng xaûy ra hoaøn toaøn ôû quaù khöù. 3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn: +) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing -) S + is/ am/ are + not + V-ing ?) is/ am/ are + S + V-ing ? Nhận dạng: Now, Right now, At the moment, At present Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi, 1 yù ñònh seõ thöïc hieän ôû töông lai gaàn (keøm vôùi thôøi gian töông lai). 4. PAST CONTINUOUS - Quaù khöù tieáp dieãn: S + was/ were + V- ing Nhận dạng: When, While, At 8.30 last night, All afternoon Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû quaù khöù cuøng vôùi moät haønh ñoäng quaù khöù khaùc (when); 2 haønh ñoäng ñang cuøng xaûy ra ôû quaù khöù (while); 1 haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra vaøo moät thôøi ñieåm ôû quaù khöù (At 8.30 last night). 5. PRESENT PERFECT - Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh: +) S + have/ has + V3 -) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3 ?) have/ has + S + V3 .? Nhận dạng: * Just, already, ever, never, not yet, * Recently, lately,since, for, before, up to now, till now/until now/so far (cho ñeán giôø), now that (giôø ñaây khi maø) Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng vöøa xaûy ra; 1 haønh ñoäng xaûy ra ôû quaù khöù vaø tieáp tuïc ôû hieän taïi; 1 kinh nghieäm ñaõ hoaëc chöa töøng trải. Một số cấu trúc: 1
2. - It’s the first time, S+have/has + V3 .. - S+have/has not(never)+ V3 before. - It’s + time since S + (last) + Ved . - How long + have/has + S + V3 ..? =When did + S + V ..? - S+ (last) Ved+ . time+ ago/ last + time = S+ have/has not + V3 + .for + time/ since + time It’s the + Adj-est + N+ S+ have/has ever V3 . most + Adj+ N 6. PAST PERFECT - Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh: +) S + had + V3 -) S + had + V3 ?) had + S + V3 .? Nhận dạng: After, Before, By the time Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng quaù khöù xaûy ra tröôùc moät haønh ñoäng quaù khöù khaùc. - 1 haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc moät thôøi ñieåm roõ raøng trong quaù khöù. 7. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS - HTHT tieáp dieãn: S + have/ has been + V-ing Nhận dạng: Since, For Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng xaûy ra ôû quaù khöù vaø tieáp dieãn lieân tuïc ñeán hieän taïi. 8. SIMPLE FUTURE - Töông lai ñôn: S + Will/ Shall + V Nhận dạng: Tomorrow, tonight, Next + time, In the future, in future = from now on, in+period of time Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra trong töông lai; dieãn taû söï môøi moïc, thænh caàu hay meänh leänh; 1 yù ñònh, 1 lôøi höùa, 1 söï tieân ñoaùn, 1 ñeà nghò lòch söï. 9. NEAR FUTURE - Töông lai gaàn: S + Is/ Am/ Are + going to + V Nhận dạng: Tomorrow, Next + time, In a moment = laùt nöõa, At 2 o’clock this afternoon Caùch duøng: dieãn taû 1 döï ñònh seõ thöïc hieän ôû töông lai gaàn; 1 söï vieäc saép xaûy ra; 1 vieäc chaéc chaén seõ phaûi xaûy ra theo nhö döï tính. II. TAG QUESTIONS – CAÂU HOÛI ÑUOÂI Form: S + V ., TT + NOT (vieát taét) + S (Ñaïi töø)? S + TT+ NOT ., TT + S? ( TT goàm TO BE, MODAL, vaø ORDINARY VERB) Affimative – Khaúng ñònh Negative – Phuû ñònh Marlene smokes, doesn't she? You aren't English, are you? You'll be there, won't you? Sharks don't like chicken, do They watched that film, didn’t they? they? David won't come, will he? 2
3. * Caùc daïng ñaëc bieät cuûa Tag Questions: Statement Tag Statement Tag I am ..., aren’t I? Let’s shall we? This / That ., . it? .., hadn’t you? Everyone/Everything ., . they/ it? You’d better wouldn’t you? There is/are .., isn’t/aren’t ., will (won’t) there? You’d rather you? ., Open the door, •Nếu vế 1 chứa từ phủ định thì vế sau ở dạng khẳng định: No, never, hardly, rarely, scarely, little . III. GERUND – DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ VERB + GERUND (Ñoäng töø + Danh ñoäng töø) USES – CAÙCH DUØNG EXAMPLE 1. Sau caùc ñoäng töø chæ söï yeâu thích/ khoâng Jim loves working in Thailand. thích: I hate doing the shopping on - like, love, enjoy, fancy Saturday. - dislike, hate, detest Everybody really enjoyed dancing. - don't mind, can't stand/bear (khoâng chòu I can't stand waiting in queues. noåi)..... 2.Sau moät soá ñoäng töø khaùc nhö: Tony gave up smoking years ago. - admit: thöøa nhaän; avoid: traùnh, finish: He admitted eating my chocolate hoaøn thaønh; forgive: tha thöù, keep: cöù, mousse. maõi, tieáp tuïc; mind: löu yù, baän taâm; They avoid seeing him. remember: nhô; ù stop: ngöng, thoâi; deny: My brother denied eating my phuû nhaän; consider: xem xeùt; delay: chocolate. hoaõn,; forgive: tha thöù, mention: ñeà caäp, I always put off doing my homework. give up: döøng,töø boû, put off: hoaõn laïi 3. After propositions – Sau caùc giôùi töø: We are interested in reading picture - interested in ; - instead of ... books. - good at ... ; - before ... ; - after They are good at playing football. ...... He took a bath after playing football. By, of, on . IV. REPORTED SPEECH – CAÂU TÖÔØNG THUAÄT Böôùc 1: vieát ñöôïc meänh ñeà giôùi thieäu: • ÔÛ caâu phaùt bieåu (statements), meänh ñeà chính coù theå theâm THAT sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu. • ÔÛû caâu nghi vaán, sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu ASKED + O, theâm IF hoaëc WHETHER. 3
4. • ÔÛ caâu WH- questions, sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu ASKED + O, vieát laïi vaán töø Wh- • ÔÛ caâu meänh leänh (Imperatives), sau ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu, bieán ñoåi: V + TO + V ; DON’T + V . NOT TO + V Böôùc 2: vieát meänh ñeà töôøng thuaät, ghi nhôù caùc nguyeân taéc: • Đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ: CHỨC NĂNGTRỰC TIẾPGIÁN TIẾP Chủ ngữ I he, she we they you they Tân ngữ me him, her us them you them Phẩm định my his, her our their your their Định danh mine his, her ours theirs yours theirs • Luøi moät thì: V1 V2 ; V2 HAD + V3 Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp - Hiện tại đơn -> Qúa khứ đơn - Hiện tại tiếp diễn -> Qúakhứ tiếp diễn - Hiện tại hoàn thành -> Qúa khứ hoàn thành - Hiện tại hoàn thành TD -> Qúa khứ hoàn thành TD - Qúa khứ đơn -> Qúa khứ hoàn thành - Qúa khứ hoàn thành -> Qúa khứ hoàn thành (không đổi) - Tương lai đơn -> Tương lai trong qúa khứ - Tương lai TD -> Tương lai TD trong qúa khứ - Is/am/are going to do -> Was/were going to do - Can/may/must do -> Could/might/had to do • Bieán ñoåi caùc traïng töø chæ nôi choán vaø thôøi gian Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This That 4
5. That That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Ago Before Tomorrow The next day / the following day The day after tomorrow In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday The day before / the previous day The day before yesterdayTwo day before Next week The following week Last week The previous week / the week before Last year The previous year / the year before Form: 1. ÔÛ caâu phaùt bieåu: S1+ said that S2(®æi ng«i) + V( lïi th×) .. said to smb that told smb that 2. ÔÛ caâu meänh leänh : S + told smb to V/ not to V asked smb to V/ not to V .. ordered requested commanded 3. ÔÛû caâu nghi vaán: S1 + asked (smb) if/ whether S2(®æi ng«i) + V( lïi th×) .. wanted to know wondered 4. ÔÛ caâu WH- questions: S1 + asked (smb) Wh + S2(®æi ng«i) + V( lïi th×) .. wanted to know wondered 5. ÔÛ caâu khuyên bảo: S1+ said that S2(®æi ng«i) + should/shouldn’t +V .. advised smb + to V/ not to V EX: 1. She said, "It's raining now." She said that it was raining then. 2. "Are we going out tonight?" asked Bob. Bob asked if they were going out that night. "Can I use your mobile, John?" asked Mary. Mary asked John if she could use his mobile. 3. She asked me, "What is your name?" She asked me what my name was. 4. He said to them, “Keep silent. Don’t talk.” He told them to keep silent and not to talk. V. PASSIVE VOICE: Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu chủ động sang câu bị động: - Chuyển Tân ngữ trong câu chủ động lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động 5
6. - Chuyển động từ về dạng bị động BE + PP BE được chia theo theo thì của động từ ở câu chủ động. - Chuyển Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động làm tân ngữ của câu bị động và thêm giới từ by trước nó Active: S + V + O Passive: S + BE + PP +( by +O) * Ghi nhôù: Traïng töø thôøi gian ñöôïc ñaët sau By + O, caùc traïng töø khaùc phaûi ñaët tröôùc By + O. - Neáu Chuû ngöõ S laø caùc ñaïi töø I, You, He, She, It, We, They, People, Someone, Nobody thì khoâng caàn ñöa veà By + O. * Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian và thể cách trong câu bị động. S + { BE} + PP + ( adv. of place ) + (by + O) + (avd. of time). VD:Lan bought this hat in Ha Noi last month. This hat was bought in Ha Noi by Lan last month. S + { BE } + ( adv. of manner ) + PP + (by + O) VD: Nam treats his dog badly Nam’s dog is badly treated. ▪ d. Cấu trúc cụ thể của câu bị động ở các thì của động từ. Thể bị động với các thì thông dụng Hiện tại đơn S + am/is/are + PP + (by + O) Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + being + PP + (by + O) Hiện tại hoàn thành S + has / have been + PP + (by + O) Qúa khứ đơn S + was / were + PP + (by + O) Qúa khứ tiếp diễn S + was / were + being + PP + (by + O) Qúa khứ hoàn thành S + had + been + PP + (by + O) Tương lai đơn S + will / shall + be + PP + (by + O) Tương lai hoàn thành S + will / shall + have been + PP + (by + O) VI. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN: TYPE If clause ( Mệnh đề If) Main clause ( Mệnh đề chính) 6
7. TYPE 1 – LOAÏI 1 Will Present Real Can May Condition Present simple Have to + Verb - inf Ñieàu kieän coù thaät ôû (Present progressive) Must hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai Should Ought to Might TYPE 2 – LOAÏI 2 Past Future in the past Dieãn taû söï kieän Present Unreal Subjunctive S + WOULD + V khoâng thaät hay Condition S + V2 traùi vôùi söï thaät ôû Ñieàu kieän khoâng coù (BE = WERE COULD/SHOULD hieän taïi thaät ôû hieän taïi cho caùc ngoâi) MIGHT Ex: Type 1: If it rains this evening, I won’t go out. Lan will miss the bus if she doesn’t hurry. 2. Type 2: If I were you, I would buy that book. He could buy a bike if he had enough money. - Unless (Tröø phi) = If not (Neáu khoâng) EX: If you don’t get up early, you will miss the bus. Unless you get up early, you will miss the bus. VII. WISH CLAUSE 1. Câu điều ước ở hiện tại S + wish + S + Ved/ past(be-> were ) .now. Eg: I wish I were in the stadium now. I wish he visited me now 2. Câu điều ước ở tương lai S + wish + S + would / could + V .someday/ tomorrow . Eg: I wish I could swim VIII. MAKING SUGGESTIONS – ÑÖA RA LÔØI ÑEÀ NGHÒ Ñeå ñöa ra moät ñeà nghò ai ñoù cuøng laøm vôùi ta ñieàu gì, ta coù caùc caâu ñeà nghò sau: • I SUGGEST + V-ING EX: I suggest having a party. • I SUGGEST + THAT + S + SHOULD + V EX: I suggest that we should have a party. • I THINK WE SHOULD + V EX: I think we should go out for a drink. • LET’S + V EX: Let’s go fishing. • SHALL WE + V .? EX: Shall we have dinner? 7
8. • WHY DON’T YOU/ WE +V ? EX: Why don’t we speak English in class? • WHAT ABOUT + V-ING .? What about playing soccer? • HOW ABOUT + V-ING .? EX: How about going to the dentist? * ADJ and ADV a) Adj + ly adv : beautiful - beautifully ; quick – quickly ; safe - safely ; bad- badly b) Adj 2 ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc b»ng “ y” chuyÓn sang tr¹ng tõ ph¶i ®æi “ y” “ ily”: easy- easily, happy-happily c) adj kÕt thóc = “ ble” chuyÓn thµnh “ bly” :sensible - sensibly; simple- simply, comfortable - comfortably d) Mét sè adj chuyÓn sang adv kh«ng ®æi: fast- fast; hard- hard; late -late; early - early e) §Æc biÖt: good - well S + is/ am / are + a / an + adj + N( chØ ng­êi) S + V + adv. S + Adv + V • To be ( a/an) + adj + N(s) S+ be + so+ Adj+ that .. S+be+such (a/an) + Adj+ N that . S+ be Adj+ enough + (for smb) to V . S + be too + Adj + (for smb) + to V • V + adv ( trõ mét sè ®éng tõ : seem, sound, feel, find, look, keep, make, become, get, ...........+ adj ) Adv+ V . S + V+ so + Adv + that .. VIII. PHRASAL VERBS – CUÏM ÑOÄNG TÖØ Cuïm ñoäng töø coøn goïi laø Ñoäng töø hai töø (Two-word verb) hay ñoäng töø keùp, laø söï keát hôïp cuûa ñoäng töø vaø traïng töø hoaëc giôùi töø. account for: chieám go on/ keep on: tieáp tuïc Set out: khôûi haønh break down: bò hö, bò hold on: ñôïi maùy, giöõ set up: xaây döïng, thaønh hoûng maùy laäp break out: noå ra, xaûy ra make up one’s mind = sit down: ngoài xuoáng catch up: ñuoåi kòp decide stand for: thay cho carry out: tieán haønh, thöïc live on: soáng nhôø vaøo stand up: ñöùng leân hieän look forward to Ving: take off: côûi ra, caát caùnh come in: ñi vaøo troâng ñôïi try on: maëc thöû come back: trôû veà look at: nhìn turn on: baät, vaën leân come on/ carry on: tieáp look after: chaêm soùc turn off: taét 8
9. tuïc look up: tra töø turn out: trôû neân cut down: caét giaûm look for: tìm kieám turn up: vaën lôùn leân, xuaát depend on: phuï thuoäc look down: coi thöôøng hieän fall down: giaûm suùt look out: coi chöøng, caån turn down: vaën nhoû laïi, töø fill in: ñieàn vaøo thaän choái get along with: hoøa thuaän ring up: goïi ñieän turn round: quay laïi vôùi run into: gaëp baát ngôø wake up: thöùc daäy get on: böôùc/ ñi leân run out of: caïn, heát walk across: ñi ngang qua give out: chia, phaân phaùt put on: maëc vaøo work out: xaây döïng give up: töø boû put off: hoaõn laïi IX. RELATIVE PRONOUNS – ÑAÏI TÖØ QUAN HEÄ Ñaïi töø quan heä laø töø duøng ñeå thay cho danh töø chỉ người hay vật ñứng ngay trước noù (Antecedent – Tieàn trí töø) đñể laøm chủ ngữ hoặc taân ngữ cho ñộng từ trong meänh ñeà quan heäõ. Ta coù caùc ñaïi töø quan heä sau: who – whom – which – that – whose 1. Who: duøng thay cho töø quan heä chæ ngöôøi vaø laøm chuû ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà quan heä. EX: Tom is the boy who plays the guitar. The person who takes care of patients is a nurse. 2. Whom: duøng thay cho töø quan heä chæ ngöôøi vaø laøm taân ngöõ cuûa meänh ñeà quan heä. EX: The woman whom you see at the desk is a doctor. The girl whom we are looking for is Lan. 3. Whose + Noun: duøng ñeå chæ söï sôû höõu cho danh töø chæ ngöôøi hay vaät ñöùng tröôùc. EX: What is the name of the man whose car you borrowed? Jack found a cat whose leg was broken. 4. Which: duøng thay cho töø quan heä chæ vaät hay söï vieäc ôû vò trí chuû ngöõ vaø taân ngöõ. EX: My brother works for a company which makes cars. That is the book which is on wild animals. 5. That: ñöôïc duøng thay cho danh töø chæ ngöôøi vaøvaät. THAT coù theå duøng thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH trong meänh ñeà xác ñònh (Restrictive clause) EX: Tom is the boy who plays the guitar, Tom is the boy that plays the guitar The girl whom we are looking for is Lan. The girl that we are looking for is Lan. That is the book which is on wild animals. That is the book that is on wild animals. * THAT baét buoäc duøng sau: caùc tieáng cöïc caáp (superlatives) : the best thing, the most difficult test, the first/ second/ last .. • all, only, first, last, no, some, any • antecedent bao goàm cuûa ngöôøi laãn vaät • It + be + N 9
10. EX: This is the best book that I bought. I have something that I want to tell you - Do all the tasks that I gave you. - I met people and cattle that went to market. * Notes – Ghi nhôù: 1- Whom, Which vaø That coù theå boû ñi khi laøm taân ngöõ trong meänh ñeà quan heä xaùc ñònh (Defining relative clause) EX: The man (whom/ that) you saw at the party is my boss. The dog (which/ that) I have just bought is a black dog. 2- Whom coù theå ñöôïc thay baèng Who trong vaên phong giao tieáp bình thöôøng EX: The doctor whom/ who we talked about is very kind. 3- Coù hai loaïi meänh ñeà quan heä: a- Defining Relative Clause – Meänh ñeà quan heä xaùc ñònh: laø moät thaønh phaàn cuûa caâu; noù xaùc ñònh hay phaân loaïi tieàn trí töø (Antecedent) neân caàn thieát cho yù nghóa cuûa caâu vaø khoâng theå boû ñöôïc. EX: Do you know the man who has just come in? The book which you lent me was very interesting. b- Non-Defining Relative Clause – Meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng xaùc ñònh: laø phaàn theâm vaøo ñeå giaûi thích hay theâm thoâng tin cho tieàn trí töø (Antecedent), khoâng coù noù caâu vaãn ñuû nghóa. Meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng xaùc ñònh ñöôïc taùch vôùi meänh ñeà chính baèng moät hoaëc hai daáu phaåy. EX: My brother John, who lives in London, is an engineer. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Mr Smith introduced to us. * Ghi nhôù: - khoâng duøng ñaïi töø quan heä THAT trong meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng xaùc ñònh (Non-Defining Relative Clause) - Whom, Which vaø That coù theå boû ñi khi laøm taân ngöõ trong meänh ñeà quan heä xaùc ñònh (Defining relative clause), nhöng khoâng theå boû ñöôïc trong meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng xaùc ñònh (Non-Defining Relative Clause) X. CONNECTIVES - TÖØ NOÁI: Töø noái coøn goïi laø Lieân töø (Conjunctions) laø töø duøng ñeå keát hôïp caùc töø, cuïm töø, meänh ñeà hoaëc caâu vôùi nhau. Töø noái coù theå chia thaønh nhieàu nhoùm: 1. Nhoùm chæ söï theâm vaøo: And (vaø), As well as (vaø coøn), Furthermore (hôn nöõa), besides (ngoaøi ra), Moreover (hôn nöõa), In addition (theâm vaøo ñoù) EX: He plays football and basketball. Besides doing the cooking, I look after the children. 2. Nhoùm chæ söï töông phaûn, traùi ngöôïc: But (nhöng), However (tuy nhieân), Nevertheless (tuy vaäy), Although/ Though/ Even though (duø, maëc duø, cho duø) 10